<hdr>The World Factbook 1994: Japan<nl>Communications</hdr><body>
<list>
<item><hi format=bold>Railroads:</hi> 27,327 km total; 2,012 km 1.435-meter standard gauge and 25,315 km predominantly 1.067-meter narrow gauge; 5,724 km doubletrack and multitrack sections, 9,038 km 1.067-meter narrow-gauge electrified, 2,012 km 1.435-meter standard-gauge electrified (1987)
<item><hi format=bold>Highways:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>total:</hi> 1,115,609 km
<item>• <hi format=ital>paved:</hi> 782,042 km (including 4,869 km of national expressways)
<item>• <hi format=ital>unpaved:</hi> gravel, crushed stone, or earth 333,567 km (1991)
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Inland waterways:</hi> about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas
<item><hi format=bold>Pipelines:</hi> crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas 1,800 km
<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> Japan also owns a large flag of convenience fleet, including up to 38% of the total number of ships under the Panamanian flag
<item><hi format=bold>Telecommunications:</hi> excellent domestic and international service; 64,000,000 telephones; broadcast stations—318 AM, 58 FM, 12,350 TV (196 major—1 kw or greater); satellite earth stations—4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; submarine cables to US (via Guam), Philippines, China, and Russia